2025年6月8日日曜日

The Images of Jesus and the Virgin Mary in the Early Qing Collection of Taoist Immortal Stories

n that the elder figure represents Jesus and that the child represents the one being preached to.
Through a meticulous examination of the illustration in the 1712 first edition titled the "Image of Jesus," it was revealed that several Chinese characters are placed directly above the illustration, indicating the names of the depicted figures. Above the elder figure, it reads "Ru-de-ya" 如德亞 in Chinese, and above the child figure, it reads "Yesu" 耶穌 ("Jesus") in Chinese. According to the book's layout, names are indicated above the characters throughout the text. A single vertical line to the right of the text signifies a personal name (such as the Chinese word "耶穌"), while a double vertical line represents a place name (such as the Chinese word "如德亞"). Consequently, the illustrator, Dai Jun, made an error by treating the Chinese place name "Ru-de-ya" 如德亞 as a personal name. However, Xing Dongtian's assertion that the elder figure represents Jesus is also incorrect; it should be the Chinese word "Ba-de-le" 罷德肋. In other words, Dai Jun mistakenly wrote the Chinese word "罷德肋" as "如德亞." The mistake was later discovered by the publisher of the book's reprinted edition. A subsequent reprinted version of the 1712 first edition could serve as evidence. In the illustration on this page (Figure 3), there are clear indications that the engraving of the three characters "如德亞" was modified based on the original foundation in the later woodblock-printed6 version. The Chinese character "如" was changed to "罷" and the upper half of the character "德" remains almost unchanged, while the last character in the modified version is somewhat indiscernible (Figure 4 and Figure 5).
Figure 4. The textual details in the specific area of Figure 2 read as "Ru-de-ya" 如德亞 (Judeae) (Xu and Cheng 1712, 49b).

https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/15/3/370

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