James Robert Adair (1714年–1778年)
see also possible duplicate file of father Thomas Benjamin Adair GR7W-CGX **In 2024, Shawn Henry Potter and his wife Lois Carol Potter published their book "The Family of Indian Trader and Author James Adair," which concludes that James and Joseph, the two oldest Adairs of our line in Laurens County, SC were brothers. James was known in Cherokee records as an "Irishman." Additionally, using a variety of sources, they also conclude that the same James was the Indian trader and author, and husband of two Native American wives. With scientific Y-DNA and haplogroup testing of male descendants with the Adair surname in upstate South Carolina, they also provide a genetic roadmap of the earliest generations and relationships. Using a limited data set 17 Adair-surnamed males, they concluded on pages 164-70 that there were three related branches and one unrelated branch as follows. A. Branch 1 (our branch): James and Joseph Adair, who were brothers living in Duncan Creek. B. James had at least two sons named James Jr. and Joseph. James Jr. had a son James Adair III, who had sons Edmond and Robert. Joseph had a son Thomas, who had sons Samuel and Thomas. C. Joseph had sons Joseph Jr., James, and Benjamin. Joseph Jr. had sons Elisha and Robert. D. Branch 2: Two other contemporaries, brothers Edward and John Adair of Cane Creek, were great-grandchildren of the same man who was the grandfather of James and Joseph on a separate line. The intervening generations and the common link are all unknown Adairs. John had sons Walter and Edward. Edward had sons Walter and Edward (the latter having a son Calvin, with Calvin having sons Ephraim and George). Descendants of this line became later leaders in the Cherokee Nation. John's wife, Jane Kilgore, was a neighbor of James Adair in Duncan Creek. E. Branch 3: Another contemporary William Adair of Fishing Creek, was a cousin whose grandfather was the brother to the grandfather of James and Joseph. His father and grandfather's names are unknown. William had two sons John and William Jr. F. There was potentially a fourth branch for another contemporary known as Alexander Adair, who lived in Laurens County and had two sons. However, a comparison of haplogroups show that they did not share a common direct male-line ancestor with the other three branches within the past 4,000 years. Besides all of the ancestors of these branches being unknown and unproven, other conclusions concerning our original ancestor James Adair, the Indian trader, were as follows: Page 12: The names of the historian James Adair's ancestors remain unknown regardless of many erroneous theories that have become popular over the years. The most pernicious is from William Curry Hardlee who suggested that he married Clark Hobson in Virginia and later lived in North Carolina, where he was locally known as Dr. James "Robin" Adair. The book offers convincing evidence that these were two separate men and in separate places at any given time. Page 8: Adair engaged in the deerskin trade beginning in 1735 in the Cherokee Nation. He never became wealthy from it. Pages 81-83, 92, 191-92: Adair married first a Cherokee woman from among the lower Cherokee in upstate South Carolina when he began to trade with the Cherokee Nation in 1735. It was important to have a native wife to be accepted in trade and to live among the Cherokee. He made seasonal travel between upstate SC and Charleston, mainly with trade goods and deerskins. In about 1744, he lost his Cherokee wife and children, who all may have fallen victim with a European disease. Little is known about her, but from Adair's writing, it is certain he learned the lower Cherokee dialect and lived in upstate South Carolina from 1735 to 1744. The trading trail at this time led through Duncan Creek, where he would later settle. Pages 95, 98, 102, 192: Adair married second a woman named Eleanor from the Chickasaw Panther clan in upstate SC in early 1744, who taught him Chickasaw and introduced him to her lower Chickasaw relatives in upstate SC and upper Chickasaw relatives in the vicinity of present-day Tupelo, Mississippi. In May 1745, James and Eleanor led their packhorse trains, loaded with bundles of deerskins, from Ogoula Tchetoka (Tupelo, MS) to the markets of Charleston [some 700 miles). They traveled in the company of several of Eleanor's closest maternal-line relatives, including the historian's "favorite friend" Payamataha, later the principal chief of the tribe. Pages 96-97, 100, 116-18, 136: Details about Eleanor's life are frustratingly scarce. His writings prove he was a member of the tribe in late 1749 and in a position of command among the Chickasaw Nation in 1760, when he led a party of 43 lower Chickasaw warriors in support of SC in the 1760 Anglo-Cherokee War. (The exploits of Captain James Adair in this war are described in a contemporaneous newspaper account at the time.) He mentioned in 1767 that he was writing his book in the company of his wife. Also, during the same year, an eyewitness named Malcolm McGee confirmed Adair was married with a Chickasaw wife after 1767. Adair's reference to himself as a "brother" of the Chickasaw people reflected his lasting marriage to his Chickasaw wife until at least 1775. Since the Chickasaw practiced a matrilineal system, Eleanor, as a member of the ruling Panther clan, was what Adair wrote when he said she was "as great a princess as ever lived among the ancient Peruvians, or Mexicans." Page 8: In 1745, SC Governor James Glen commissioned Adair to secure a peace treaty with the French-allied Choctaw Nation. He was successful, but the governor and legislature reneged paying his 1748 and 1750 petitioned expenses. This was a devastating financial loss for Adair. Page 109-10: Adair confirms he was living in Ogoula Tchetoka (Tupelo, MS) in 1765. Pages 9-11: In 1772 and 1774, Adair managed to fund at least two transatlantic voyages in his quest to publish his manuscript about the American Indians. An essential element of his strategy involved a seven-year campaign of personal persuasion, stair-stepping his way from one person to the next, as he sought support from ever more prominent and influential colonial leaders, who included Indian superintendents, ministers, Continental Congress delegates, governors, and even Benjamin Franklin. Rather than royalties, Adair took the greatest part of his payment in printed copies of his influential book "The History of the American Indians," which mainly only paid for his two trips to Great Britain. If he realized any profit, it was very little especially in light of the American Revolution which began in 1775 and blocked all commerce between nations and diverted the attention of his potential readers on both sides of the Atlantic. Pages 141, 146, 175, 182-89, 193, 196: Adair was considered to have been living fulltime in the Duncan Creek area by 1773 when he received a royal grant for 200 acres bordering the land of his brother Joseph Adair. However, it may have been on land he already occupied. According to the book, he may have lived there as early as 1747 with Eleanor remaining there while Adair made annual trips to the Chickasaw and Charleston. Occasionally, she would also accompany her husband on those trips and to renew ties with her upper Chickasaw family. Eyewitness Malcolm McGee also puts him in his retirement among the Lower Cherokees, most likely of the Duncan Creek area. By 1779, when the local residents signed what is called the Williams Petition during the Revolutionary War, James signed his name. He may have been the author of the document considering the appearance of uncommon words found in both Adair's book and the petition. His signature matches that of the known correspondence of James Adair the historian. In his retirement years, he became a cooper like his brother to support himself. Pages 196-97: In 1774, when he returned from London after publishing his book. He stopped in in Northern Ireland before returning back to America. He was accompanied by his distant cousins John and Edward Adair of Cane Creek, as noted above in the DNA results. Upon their arrival, they took on the Indian trade business and also married Cherokee wives. Page 199: According to dates on local legal documents, Adair died in Duncan Creek after 25 Feb 1784 and before 12 Feb 1796. Eleanor died after 3 Jan 1803. No gravestones survive. 
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