- 名称と起源の一致。紀元前12世紀頃に地中海東岸を襲った「海の民」の構成部族に「デネン人（Denyen / Danuna）」がいます。これはギリシャ神話の「ダナオイ人（Danaoi）」や、聖書の「ダン族（Dan）」と語源的に同一であるとヤディンは考えました。
- 海洋民族としての特徴。旧約聖書の「デボラの歌（士師記5章17節）」には、「なぜダンは船にとどまったのか」という一節があります。ヤディンはこの記述を、ダン族がもともとエーゲ海方面から来た海洋民族（海の民）であった証拠と解釈しました。
- エーゲ海文化の痕跡。テル・ダンの発掘調査では、青銅器時代後期から鉄器時代初期にかけてのミケーネ式土器（ギリシャ・エーゲ海世界の土器）や、ギリシャ文化と共通する特徴を持つ遺物が多数出土しています。
- テル・ダン遺跡の具体的な発掘成果や見どころ
- 海の民の他の部族（ペリシテ人など）と聖書の関係
- イガエル・ヤディンが手がけた他の有名な発掘（マサダや死海文書など）
Were the Seafaring Denyen the Tribe of Dan?
By Samuel McKoy • July 11, 2022
https://armstronginstitute.org/736-were-the-seafaring-denyen-the-tribe-of-dan
The Sea Peoples were a confederation of allied tribes who attacked Egypt, Anatolia and the Levant in the early-to-mid-12th century b.c.e. The identity and origin of this confederation’s members have been of great interest to archaeologists and historians for decades.
The early 12th century b.c.e. was a time of tumult, initiating a period called the Bronze Age Collapse. The Sea Peoples were one major factor in this collapse, as they attacked various civilizations in Egypt, Anatolia and the Levant, who were already weakened by other factors. An inscription from Pharaoh Ramses iii at Medinat Habu states of these people, “No land could stand before their arms: from Hatti, Qode, Carchemish, Arzawa, and Alashiya on, being cut off at one time.”
Ramses iii listed the names of the Sea Peoples on the walls of his temple at Medinet Habu. Of particular interest among these tribes is one named Denyen. The identity and origins of the Denyen people have been much debated.
Israeli archaeologist Yigael Yadin proposed that these Denyen people were linked with the Israelite tribe of Dan (see his 1968 journal article, “And Dan, Why Did He Remain in Ships,” here). Historians like Othniel Margalith (The Tribe of Dan: The Sea Peoples in the Bible), Matthew Korpman (“Dan Shall Judge: The Danites and Iron Age Israel’s Connection with the Denyen Sea People”) and Michael Astour have agreed with Yadin’s proposition. However, Yadin’s proposition has come under intense fire from archaeologists who do not consider evidence within the Bible worthy of consideration, and from those adhering to a minimalistic view of the historical size and impact of the tribes of Israel. Mark Walter Bartusch described Yadin’s theory as “speculative.” Gregory Mobley has said that the relationship between these two peoples is a “conundrum.” These historians cannot disprove the theory, yet they seek to discredit it.
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