2025年10月6日月曜日

アラハバキאֲרַע הָבַר כִּי



アラハバキをヘブライ語で解釈すると、
アラ=場所
ハバァ=いるべき、さあ
キ=そこに、だから

つまり、全体では、

「I will be there」

といった意味になる。

ただし、
Google.trで
ara havar ki

אֲרַע הָבַר כִּי


と入力すると、

「私があなたに教えたいのは(I will tell you because)」

と翻訳される。
ハバァはgiveの命令形だが、様々な意味に訳せるということだろう。

アラはダニエル書7:23
ハバァは創世記11:3
キは創世記1:4に
それぞれ用例がある。

個人的にはアラをar敵とも読めるのではないか?とも思う。つまり外敵を祟らないように祀ったのがアラハバキだと。

エズラ記
5:11 

11 すると、彼らは次のように私たちに返事をしました。『私たちこそは天と地の神のしもべであり、ずっと昔から建っていた宮を建て直しているのです。それはイスラエルの大王が建てて、完成させたものです。


アラハバキはヘブライ語文法的にはおかしい。多分アラキハバァが正しいだろう。
‎אֲרַע araはダニエル書7:23以外にエズラ記5:11にも用例があった。
‎再考したい。






エレミア記10:11の注釈(新改訳2017)を読むとaraはアラム語経由かも知れない。

 「あなたがたは、彼らにこう言え。『天と地を造らなかった神々は、地からも、この天の下からも滅びる』と。」エレミア記10:11 

026 この節はアラム語で記されている

アラム語に関しては以下の辞書しか手掛かりがない。Google.trは対応していない。



創世記
20:13-15

13 神が私を父の家から、さすらいの旅に出されたとき、私は彼女に、『このようにして、あなたの真実の愛を私に尽くしてほしい。私たちが行くどこででも、私のことを、この人は私の兄です、と言ってほしい』と言ったのです。」  

14 アビメレクは、羊の群れと牛の群れと、男女の奴隷たちを連れて来て、アブラハムに与え、またアブラハムの妻サラを彼に返した。 

15 アビメレクは言った。「見なさい。私の領地があなたの前に広がっている。あなたの良いと思うところに住みなさい。」(創世記20:15)

創世記20:15では‎אֲרַע araはアルツィ(=私の領地)に変化している。
創世記は基本的にヘブライ語だがこれはアラム語らしい。





____

אֲרַע הָבַר כִּי

ara havar ki
私があなたに教えたいのは



אֲרַע הָבַר

ara havar

ダニエル書

7:23 彼はこう言った。 『第四の獣は地(ara)に起こる第四の国。 これは、ほかのすべての国と異なり、 全土を食い尽くし、 これを踏みつけ、かみ砕く。


4 十本の角は、この国から立つ十人の王。 彼らの後に、もう一人の王が立つ。 彼は先の者たちと異なり、 三人の王を打ち倒す。 25 いと高き方に逆らうことばを吐き、 いと高き方の聖徒たちを悩ます。 彼は時と法則を変えようとする。 聖徒たちは、一時と二時と半時の間、 彼の手に委ねられる。 26 しかし、さばきが始まり、 彼の主権は奪われて、 彼は完全に絶やされ、滅ぼされる。 27 国と、主権と、天下の国々の権威は、 いと高き方の聖徒である民に与えられる。 その御国は永遠の国。 すべての主権は彼らに仕え、服従する。』 28 ここでこの話は終わる。私ダニエルは、いろいろと思い巡らして動揺し、顔色が変わった。しかし、私はこのことを心にとどめた。」

7  1 バビロンの王ベルシャツァルの元年に、ダニエルは寝床で、ある夢と、頭に浮かぶ幻を見た。それからその夢を書き記し、事の次第を述べた。 2 ダニエルは言った。「私が夜、幻を見ていると、なんと、天の四方の風が大海をかき立てていた。 3 すると、四頭の大きな獣が海から上がって来た。その四頭はそれぞれ異なっていた。 4 第一のものは獅子のようで、鷲の翼をつけていた。見ていると、その翼は抜き取られ、地から身を起こされて人間のように二本の足で立ち、人間の心が与えられた。 5 すると見よ、熊に似た別の第二の獣が現れた。その獣は横向きに寝ていて、その口の牙の間には三本の肋骨があった。すると、それに『起き上がって、多くの肉を食らえ』との声がかかった。 6 その後、見ていると、なんと、豹のような別の獣が現れた。その背には四つの鳥の翼があり、その獣には四つの頭があった。そしてそれに主権が与えられた。 7 その後また夜の幻を見ていると、なんと、第四の獣が現れた。それは恐ろしくて不気味で、非常に強かった。大きな鉄の牙を持っていて、食らってはかみ砕き、その残りを足で踏みつけていた。これは前に現れたすべての獣と異なり、十本の角を持っていた。 8 私がその角を注意深く見ていると、なんと、その間から、もう一本の小さな角が出て来て、その角のために、初めの角のうち三本が引き抜かれた。よく見ると、この角には人間の目のような目があり、大言壮語する口があった。 9 私が見ていると、 やがていくつかの御座が備えられ、 『年を経た方』が座に着かれた。 その衣は雪のように白く、 頭髪は混じりけのない羊の毛のよう。 御座は火の炎、 その車輪は燃える火で、 10 火の流れがこの方の前から出ていた。 幾千もの者がこの方に仕え、 幾万もの者がその前に立っていた。 さばきが始まり、 いくつかの文書が開かれた。  11 そのとき、あの角が大言壮語する声がしたので、私は見続けた。すると、その獣は殺され、からだは滅ぼされて、燃える火に投げ込まれた。 12 残りの獣は主権を奪われたが、定まった時期と季節まで、そのいのちは延ばされた。 13 私がまた、夜の幻を見ていると、 見よ、人の子のような方が 天の雲とともに来られた。 その方は『年を経た方』のもとに進み、 その前に導かれた。 14 この方に、主権と栄誉と国が与えられ、 諸民族、諸国民、諸言語の者たちはみな、 この方に仕えることになった。 その主権は永遠の主権で、 過ぎ去ることがなく、 その国は滅びることがない。

15 私ダニエルの心は私のうちで悩み、頭に浮かんだ幻は私をおびえさせた。 16 私は、傍らに立っていた者たちの一人に近づき、このことすべてについて、彼に願って確かめようとした。すると彼は私に答えて、そのことの意味を告げてくれた。 17 『これら四頭の大きな獣は、地から起こる四人の王である。 18 しかし、いと高き方の聖徒たちが国を受け継ぎ、その国を永遠に、世々限りなく保つ。』  19 それから私は、第四の獣について確かめたいと思った。それは、ほかのすべての獣と異なっていて、非常に恐ろしく、牙は鉄、爪は青銅で、食らってはかみ砕いて、残りを足で踏みつけていた。 20 その頭には十本の角があり、もう一本の角が出て来て、そのために三本の角が抜け落ちた。その角には目があり、大言壮語する口があった。その角はほかの角よりも大きく見えた。 21 私が見ていると、その角は聖徒たちに戦いを挑み、彼らに打ち勝った。 22 しかしそれは『年を経た方』が来られるまでのことであり、いと高き方の聖徒たちのためにさばきが行われ、聖徒たちが国を受け継ぐ時期が来た。





hava
さあ
与えよ

I will be there.


אֲרַע הָבַר כִּי

ara havar ki
私があなたに教えたいのは





ער חבר כי
目を覚ませ友よ
ar havar ki









אֲרַע הָבַר


Lexical Summary
ara: Earth, land

Original Word: אֲרַע
Part of Speech: Noun Masculine
Transliteration: ara`
Pronunciation: ah-rah
Phonetic Spelling: (ar-ah')
KJV: earth, interior 
NASB: earth, ground, inferior, land
Word Origin: [(Aramaic) corresponding to H776 (אֶרֶץ - land)]

1. the earth
2. (by implication) (figuratively) low

Strong's Exhaustive Concordance
earth, interior 

(Aramaic) corresponding to 'erets; the earth; by implication (figuratively) low -- earth, interior. 

see HEBREW 'erets

NAS Exhaustive Concordance
Word Origin
(Aramaic) corresponding to erets
Definition
the earth
NASB Translation
earth (15), ground (3), inferior (1), land (1).



עָר


אֲרַע

הָבַר

עָר
הָבַר
森森
アラハバキ
アル 敵 עָר
ハバア 分かれたהָבַר
キ はっきりכִּי

כִּי

はっきり分かれた敵

הָבַר
havar
子供


far
ar
'ar'ā'
ער
עָר
(¾)
% אַרְעָא
()
53,~,*,,EE



נ7 

כִּי

kewiyyah
焼き傷
ki
'?
[名]
〔名〕
焼き印された
ki
[不〕
[木]
必ず, ほんとうに, よくも
kibrāh
(%)
[名]
少し,隔りのある所*
kibsāh
כִּבְשָׂה
()
小羊, 雌の小羊
kibshān (%)
かまど
1979
kid [名]
滅び


'ār 7
[名]
'ār y()
[名]
劣る, 全~, 全地*,地, 地上
H
hābal
〔〕
むなしい望みをおく, むなしい者
となる*, むなしくなる
hiph. むなしい望みをいだかせる
bal [名]
偽りの神々
hābar
分かつ者
הָבַר
[動]
h

עָר הָבַר כִּי  ar
不毛の地の山




ער חבר כי
目を覚ませ友よ
haver 友人

ער חבר כי
ki それ
ar 起きよ



2024/4/12 -The Hebrew noun הר (har) is the word for "mountain," "hill," or "hill-country." The word הר (har) is used independently as a noun and as part of proper names ...

未指定:arki


https://biblehub.com/hebrew/772.htm


Englishman's Concordance

Ezra 5:11
HEB: אֱלָ֨הּ שְׁמַיָּ֜א וְאַרְעָ֗א וּבָנַ֤יִן בַּיְתָא֙
NAS: of heaven and earth and are rebuilding
KJV: of heaven and earth, and build
INT: of the God of heaven and earthrebuilding the temple

Jeremiah 10:11
HEB: עֲבַ֑דוּ יֵאבַ֧דוּ מֵֽאַרְעָ֛א וּמִן־ תְּח֥וֹת
KJV: [even] they shall perish from the earth, and from under
INT: make will perish the earth and from under

Daniel 2:35
HEB: וּמְלָ֥ת כָּל־ אַרְעָֽא׃ 
NAS: and filled the whole earth.
KJV: and filled the whole earth.
INT: and filled the whole earth

Daniel 2:39
HEB: מַלְכ֥וּ אָחֳרִ֖י אֲרַ֣עא מִנָּ֑ךְ וּמַלְכ֨וּ
NAS: kingdom inferior to you, then another
KJV: kingdom inferior to thee,
INT: kingdom another inferior to thee kingdom

Daniel 2:39
HEB: תִשְׁלַ֖ט בְּכָל־ אַרְעָֽא׃ 
NAS: will rule over all the earth.
KJV: over all the earth.
INT: will rule all the earth

Daniel 4:1
HEB: ק) בְּכָל־ אַרְעָ֖א שְׁלָמְכ֥וֹן יִשְׂגֵּֽא׃
NAS: in all the earth: May your peace
KJV: in all the earth; Peace
INT: dwell all the earth may your peace abound

Daniel 4:10
HEB: אִילָ֛ן בְּג֥וֹא אַרְעָ֖א וְרוּמֵ֥הּ שַׂגִּֽיא׃
NAS: in the midst of the earth and its height
KJV: in the midst of the earth, and the height
INT: a tree the midst of the earth height great

Daniel 4:11
HEB: לְס֥וֹף כָּל־ אַרְעָֽא׃ 
NAS: to the end of the whole earth.
KJV: thereof to the end of all the earth:
INT: to the end of the whole earth

Daniel 4:15
HEB: עִקַּ֤ר שָׁרְשׁ֙וֹהִי֙ בְּאַרְעָ֣א שְׁבֻ֔קוּ וּבֶֽאֱסוּר֙
NAS: with its roots in the ground, But with a band
KJV: of his roots in the earth, even with a band
INT: the stump roots the ground leave A band

Daniel 4:15
HEB: חֲלָקֵ֖הּ בַּעֲשַׂ֥ב אַרְעָֽא׃ 
NAS: in the grass of the earth.
KJV: the beasts in the grass of the earth:
INT: share the grass of the earth

Daniel 4:20
HEB: וַחֲזוֹתֵ֖הּ לְכָל־ אַרְעָֽא׃ 
NAS: and was visible to all the earth
KJV: thereof to all the earth;
INT: was visible to all the earth

Daniel 4:22
HEB: וְשָׁלְטָנָ֖ךְ לְס֥וֹף אַרְעָֽא׃ 
NAS: to the end of the earth.
KJV: to the end of the earth.
INT: and your dominion to the end of the earth

Daniel 4:23
HEB: עִקַּ֤ר שָׁרְשׁ֙וֹהִי֙ בְּאַרְעָ֣א שְׁבֻ֔קוּ וּבֶאֱסוּר֙
NAS: with its roots in the ground, but with a band
KJV: of the roots thereof in the earth,even with a band
INT: the stump roots the ground leave A band

Daniel 4:35
HEB: (דָּיְרֵ֤י ק) אַרְעָא֙ כְּלָ֣ה חֲשִׁיבִ֔ין
NAS: the inhabitants of the earth are accounted
KJV: the inhabitants of the earth [are] reputed
INT: All dwell of the earth nothing are accounted

Daniel 4:35
HEB: (וְדָיְרֵ֖י ק) אַרְעָ֑א וְלָ֤א אִיתַי֙
NAS: And [among] the inhabitants of earth; And no
KJV: and [among] the inhabitants of the earth: and none
INT: of heaven dwell of earth and no can

Daniel 6:25
HEB: ק) בְּכָל־ אַרְעָ֖א שְׁלָמְכ֥וֹן יִשְׂגֵּֽא׃
NAS: in all the land: May your peace
KJV: in all the earth; Peace
INT: dwell all the land may your peace abound

Daniel 6:27
HEB: וְתִמְהִ֔ין בִּשְׁמַיָּ֖א וּבְאַרְעָ֑א דִּ֚י שֵׁיזִ֣יב
NAS: In heaven and on earth, Who
KJV: in heaven and in earth, who hath delivered
INT: and wonders heaven earth Who has delivered

Daniel 7:4
HEB: וּנְטִ֣ילַת מִן־ אַרְעָ֗א וְעַל־ רַגְלַ֙יִן֙
NAS: and it was lifted up from the ground and made to stand
KJV: from the earth, and made stand
INT: lifted from the ground upon feet

Daniel 7:17
HEB: יְקוּמ֥וּן מִן־ אַרְעָֽא׃ 
NAS: kings [who] will arise from the earth.
KJV: [which] shall arise out of the earth.
INT: will arise of the earth

Daniel 7:23
HEB: ק) תֶּהֱוֵ֣א בְאַרְעָ֔א דִּ֥י תִשְׁנֵ֖א
NAS: kingdom on the earth, which
KJV: kingdom upon earth, which shall be diverse
INT: the fourth shall be the earth which will be different

Daniel 7:23
HEB: וְתֵאכֻל֙ כָּל־ אַרְעָ֔א וּתְדוּשִׁנַּ֖הּ וְתַדְּקִנַּֽהּ׃
NAS: the whole earth and tread it down
KJV: the whole earth, and shall tread it down,
INT: and will devour the whole earth and tread and crush

21 Occurrences



forasmuch, inasmuch, whereas, assuredly, but, certainly, doubtless,. A primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional prefix) indicating causal ...

2010/3/5 -In Ulpan La-Inyan, we teach that the word כִּי (kee) means because. This is true. However, it's got more than one meaning... especially in Biblical Hebrew.

כִּי noun [masculine] burning, branding (for form, compare רִי from רָוָה, אִי, צִי, עִי: Kö ii. 1. 64) — only כִּיתַּחַת יֹ֑פִי Isaiah 3:24 branding instead of beauty, ...

2024/12/20 -The word כי can be translated as “whether”, “that”, “if”, or “indeed”. The most literal translation considering the parsing is probably “indeed”.

2024/1/23 -This little word כי kee is an important one to study because it has various meaning. The most common one is: 'because' The other common but a bit more formal ...

H3588 - כִּי kîy, kee; a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent or consequent; ...

A.えーと、diltoti というのは私を騙る別人(私ではありません)でおりますし、ehyehist さんはエホバの証人ではありません。念のため。 > 質問(1) לכו は動詞 הלך ...

The Hebrew כי was originally used as a verbal complement; however, through contact with the Neo-Assyrian empire, the Hebrew כי took on the additional meaning of ...


https://biblehub.com/hebrew/3588.htm


 3588. ki 
Lexical Summary
ki: for, because, when, if, surely, indeed, that

Original Word: כִּי
Part of Speech: Conjunction
Transliteration: kiy
Pronunciation: kee
Phonetic Spelling: (kee)
KJV: and, + (forasmuch, inasmuch, where-)as, assured(-ly), + but, certainly, doubtless, + else, even, + except, for, how, (because, in, so, than) that, + nevertheless, now, rightly, seeing, since, surely, then, therefore, + (al-)though, + till, truly, + until, when, whether, while, whom, yea, yet 
NASB: because, when, if, surely, indeed, since, though
Word Origin: [a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent or consequent]

1. (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below)
2. often largely modified by other particles annexed

Strong's Exhaustive Concordance
forasmuch, inasmuch, whereas, assuredly, but, certainly, doubtless, 

A primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent or consequent; (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed -- and, + (forasmuch, inasmuch, where-)as, assured(-ly), + but, certainly, doubtless, + else, even, + except, for, how, (because, in, so, than) that, + nevertheless, now, rightly, seeing, since, surely, then, therefore, + (al-)though, + till, truly, + until, when, whether, while, whom, yea, yet. 

NAS Exhaustive Concordance
Word Origin
a prim. conjunction
Definition
that, for, when
NASB Translation
also (1), although (11), although* (1), because (409), because* (18), case (2), certainly (1), either (1), even (3), even though (3), event* (1), except (1), except* (21), how (12), however* (1), if (169), if* (2), inasmuch* (6), indeed (61), indeed* (1), last* (1), more of her than* (1), more than* (1), more* (1), moreover* (1), much more* (8), much* (10), nevertheless (1), nevertheless* (4), nor* (1), now (3), only* (7), or (1), rather (5), rather i indeed (1), rather* (12), seeing (1), since (38), since* (1), so (2), soon (1), still* (1), surely (63), surely* (8), than (1), than* (2), then (2), then* (1), though (37), though* (2), truly (5), unless* (10), until* (5), what* (1), when (241), when* (1), whenever (1), while (2), without* (2), Yea (1), yes (2), yet (7).

Brown-Driver-Briggs
כִּי  conjunction that, for, when (Moabite id,:Phoenician כ. Probably from the same demonstrative basis found in  here, and in certain pronouns, as Aramaic דֵּךְthis (WSG 110 f.); perhaps also ultimately akin with that, in order that, and  then, enclitic, like Latin nam in quisnam?) — 

1 that (ὅτι, German dass): 

a. prefixed to sentences depending on an active verb, and occupying to it the place of an accusative: so constantly, after verbs of seeing, as Genesis 1:10 וַיַּרְא אֱלֹהִים כִּי טוֺב and God saw that it was good, Genesis 3:6Genesis 6:2,5Genesis 12:14 #NAME? Genesis 14:14Genesis 29:33, knowing Genesis 22:12Genesis 24:14, telling Genesis 3:11Genesis 12:18, repenting Genesis 6:6,7, swearing Genesis 22:16Jeremiah 22:5, believing Exodus 4:5Lamentations 4:12, remembering Psalm 78:35, forgetting Job 39:15אָמַרcommand (late; in early Hebrew the words said are quoted) Job 36:10,24 (זְכֹר in a command) Job 37:20 b 1 Chronicles 21:18 (contrast 2 Samuel 24:18) etc.; טוֺב כּי it is good that ... 2 Samuel 18:2 + (usually the infinitive with, as Genesis 2:18; see ibid.); Genesis 37:26 מַהבֶּֿצַע כִּי נַהֲרֹגwhat profit that we should slay (imperfect)...? Malachi 3:14what proft כִּי שָׁמַרְנוּ that we have kept (perfect)...? Job 22:3 הַחֵפֶץ לְשַׁדַּי כִּי is it pleasure to Shaddai that...? after a pronoun, as Psalm 41:12 by this I know that thou hast pleasure in me, that my enemy cannot triumph over me, Psalm 42:5 these things will I remember...that (or how) I used to go, etc., Psalm 56:10 this I know that God is for me Job 13:16 (הוא). And with כִּי repeated pleonastic after an intervening clause 2 Samuel 19:7Jeremiah 26:15 +; כִּי ֗֗֗ וְכִי Genesis 3:6Genesis 29:12Exodus 4:31Joshua 2:9Joshua 8:21Joshua 10:11 Samuel 31:72 Samuel 5:121 Kings 11:21Jeremiah 40:7,11לֵאמֹר ֗֗֗ וְכִי Genesis 45:26Judges 10:10

b. כִּי often introduces the direct narration (like , and the Greek ὅτι recitativum, e.g. Luke 4:21), in which case it cannot be represented in English (except by inverted commas), Genesis 21:30Genesis 29:33 and she said, ׳כִּי שׁמע י Yahweh hath heard, etc.; Exodus 3:12 = Judges 6:16and he said, כִּי אֶהְיֶה עִמָּ֑ךְ I will be with thee, Joshua 2:241 Samuel 2:16 (see Dr) 1 Samuel 10:19 and ye have said to him, כִּי מֶלָךְ תָּשִׂים עָלֵינוּ Thou shalt set a king over us, 2 Samuel 11:231 Kings 1:131 Kings 20:5Ruth 1:10, compare Ruth 2:21 (but in reply to a question כִּי may = because, see below 

3; and so also in sentences giving the explanation of a proper name, Genesis 26:22Genesis 29:32 (but De surely:see below), Exodus 2:10 (compare Genesis 4:25Genesis 41:51,52); in כִּי מָה, introducing an expostulation, 1 Samuel 29:81 Kings 11:222 Kings 8:13, it gives the reason for a suppressed 'Why do you say this?'). 

c. especially after an oath חַי אָ֫נִי׳חַי י etc., introducing the fact sworn to, Genesis 42:16 by the life of Pharaoh, כִּי מְרַגְּלִים אַתֶּם (I say) that ye are spies; but though Hebrew usage probably gave it an asseverative force, English idiom does not require it to be expressed: Numbers 14:221 Samuel 20:3 as ׳י liveth, כִּי כְפֶשַׂע בֵּינִי וּבֵין הַמָּוֶתthere is but a step between me and death! 1 Samuel 26:161 Samuel 29:6Isaiah 49:18 +; 1 Samuel 14:44 כֹּהיַֿעֲשֶׂה אֱלֹהִים וְכֹה יוֺסִיף כִּי מוֺת תָּמוּת thus may God do and more also: thou shalt surely die! 2 Samuel 3:351 Kings 2:23Ruth 1:17 and elsewhere — Note that כִּי when thus used is often repeated after an intervening clause, in order that its force may be fully preserved: Genesis 22:16f.; 1 Samuel 14:39 כִּי מוֺת יָמוּת (אִםיֶֿשְׁנוֺ בְּיוֺנָתָן בְּנִיכִּי׳חַי י 1 Samuel 25:342 Samuel 2:27 ׳כִּי אָז וג (לוּלֵא דִּבַּרְתָּכִּי2 Samuel 3:92 Samuel 15:21 Qr 1 Kings 1:30Jeremiah 22:24

d. כִּי is used sometimes with advs. and interjs. to add force or distinctness to the affirmation which follows: (a) so especially in אַף כִּי (see  אַף); הֲכִי is it that . . .? (as a neutral interrogative) 2 Samuel 9:1, (expecting a negative answer) Genesis 29:15 is it that thou art my brother, and shalt (therefore) serve me for nothing? Job 6:22 is it that I have said, Give unto me? expressing surprise Genesis 27:36is it that he is called Jacob, and has (hence) supplanted me twice? 2 Samuel 23:19 an affirm. answer is required (which would imply הֲלֹא כִי): read probably with the "" 1 Chronicles 11:25 הִנּוֺ be-hold, he, etc.;  אִםלֹֿא כִּיDeuteronomy 32:30 were it not that .. .;  אָמְנָם כִּי Job 12:2of a truth (is it) that ye are the people, etc.;  אַךְ כִּי 1 Samuel 8:9אֶפֶם כִּי Numbers 13:28 +; גַּם כִּי  Ruth 2:21הֲלֹא כִי 1 Samuel 10:1 (but see ᵐ5 Dr), 2 Samuel 13:28הִנֵּה כִי Psalm 128:4; compare Psalm 118:10 כִּי אֲמִיַ˜לם׳בְּשֵׁם י in the name of ׳י (is it) that — or (I say) that — I will mow them down; Job 39:27 doth the vulture mount up at thy command, וְכִי יָרִים קִנּוֺ and (is it) that it (so) makes high its nest? Isaiah 36:19 have the gods of the nations delivered each his land etc.? . . . וְכִי הִצִּילוּ i.e. (Hi) and(is it) that they have delivered Samaria out of my hand? > (Ew§ 354 c De Di) and that they have delivered Samaria out of my hand! = how much less (אַף כִּי) have they, etc.! ("" 2 Kings 18:34 כִּי alone, perhaps conformed by error to 2 Kings 18:35; 2Chronicles 32:15 אַף כִּי, which however does not decide the sense of the original וְכִי). 1 Chronicles 29:14 וְכִי מִי read ומי or כי מי (b) in introducing the apodosis, especially in כִּי עַתָּה (chiefly after לוּלֵאindeed then . . ., Genesis 31:42Genesis 43:10 for unless we had tarried כִּי עַתָּה שַׁבְנוּ surely then we had returned twice, Numbers 22:33 (read לוּלֵי for אוּלַי); so 1 Samuel 14:30 ᵐ5 (after לוּא), and 1 Samuel 13:13 Hi We (לֻא for לֹא); after אִם Job 8:6 surely then he will awake over thee, etc. (But elsewhere כִּי עַתָּה is simply for nowGenesis 29:32Job 7:21 +; or for then = for in that caseExodus 9:15Numbers 22:29Job 3:13Job 6:3 +). It is dubious whether כִּי אָז has the same sense: for 2 Samuel 2:272 Samuel 19:7 the כִּי in כִּי אָז may be merely resumptive of the כִּיrecitation preceding (see 

a, c). Rare otherwiseExodus 22:22 if thou afflict him כִּי אִםצָֿעֹק יִצְעַק 'tis that (= indeed), if he cries unto me, I will hear him, Isaiah 7:9 if ye believe not כִּי לֹא תֵאֵָ˜מנוּ ׃ indeed ye will not be established. 

e. there seem also to be other cases in whichכִּי, standing alone, has an intensive force, introducing a statement with emphasis, yea, surely, certainly (German ja— a lighter particle than these English words): see in AV RV Exodus 18:11Numbers 23:231 Samuel 17:251 Samuel 20:262 Kings 23:22Isaiah 32:13Isaiah 60:9Jeremiah 22:22Jeremiah 31:19Hosea 6:9Hosea 8:6Hosea 9:12Hosea 10:3Amos 3:7Psalm 76:11Psalm 77:12 (Ew Che), Proverbs 30:2 (but not if construed as RVm), Ecclesiastes 4:16Ecclesiastes 7:7,20Job 28:1 +; Lamentations 3:22 (ᵑ6ᵑ7 Ew Th Öttli) the mercies of ׳יsurely they are not consumed (read probably תַמּוּ or תָֽמְמוּ for תמנו), Ruth 3:12 כִּי אָמְנָם yea, indeed. But it is doubtful whether כִּיhas this force in all the passages for which scholars have had recourse to it, and whether in some it is not simply = for. DeProverbs 30:1 would restrict the usage to cases in which a suppressed clause may be understood. 

f. that, expressing consecution, especially after a question implying surprise or deprecation: followed by perf., Genesis 20:9 what have I sinned against thee כִּי הֵבֵאתָ עָלַי thatthou hast brought upon me? 1 Samuel 22:8Isaiah 22:1what aileth thee, that thou art gone up, etc.? Isaiah 22:16Isaiah 36:5Isaiah 52:5Micah 4:9Habakkuk 2:18; followed by participle Judges 14:31 Samuel 20:11 Kings 18:9 how have I sinned that thou art giving, etc.? 2 Kings 5:7Ezekiel 24:19; usually followed by imperfect Exodus 3:11 who am I כִּי אֵלֵךְ that I should go, etc.? Exodus 16:7Judges 8:6Judges 9:282 Kings 8:13Isaiah 7:13Isaiah 29:16 (also perfect), Psalm 8:5 what is man כִּי תִזְכְּרֶנּוּJob 3:12 or why the breasts כִּי אִינָָֽק ׃ that I should suck? Job 6:11מַהכֹּֿחִי כִּי אִַיַחֵלJob 7:12,17Job 10:5f.; Job 13:25f.; Job 15:12f; Job 15:14Job 16:3Job 21:15 +; after a negative, Genesis 40:15 here also I have done nothing כִּי שָׂמוּ that they should have placed me in the dungeon, Psalm 44:19f. our heart has not turned backward, etc. כִּי דִכִּיתָנוּ that thou shouldst have crushed us, etc., Isaiah 43:22 not me hast thou called on, כִּי יָגַעְתָּ בִּי that thou shouldst have wearied thyself with me, Hosea 1:6 (see RV), Job 41:2Ruth 1:12 I am too old to have an husband כִּי אָמַרְתִּי that I should have said, etc. (compare Ew§ 337 a; Dr§ 39 δ). 

g. added to prepsכִּי converts them, like אֲשֶׁר, into conjs. ..., as יַעַן כִּי because that...: see below יַעַןעַדעַלעֵקֶבתַּחַת.

2. a. Of timewhen, of the past וַיְהִי כִּי Genesis 6:1(compare BuUrg. 6), Genesis 26:8Genesis 27:12 Samuel 6:132 Samuel 7:12 Samuel 19:26 + (כַּאֲשֶׁר and especially כְּ with infinitive, are more frequently); וְהָיָה כִּי(simple וְ1 Samuel 1:121 Samuel 17:48Joshua 22:7Judges 2:18Judges 12:5 והיה כי יאמרו and it would be, whenever (frequently) they said, Jeremiah 44:19(participle), Hosea 11:1Psalm 32:3 כי החרשׁתי when I was silent, Job 31:21,26,29; of present (usually with imperfect) as Exodus 18:16 כִּי יִהְיֶה לָהֶם דָּבָר whenthey have a matter, 1 Samuel 24:20Isaiah 1:12Isaiah 30:21Jeremiah 14:12Zechariah 7:5,6Malachi 1:8Psalm 49:19 and men praise thee כִּי תֵיטִיב לָ֑ךְ when thou doest well to thyself, Psalm 102:1Psalm 127:5 +, with perfect Ezekiel 3:19-21Ezekiel 33:9Proverbs 11:15Proverbs 23:22; especially of future, as Genesis 4:12 כִּי תַעֲבֹד אֶתהָֿאֲדָמָה when thou shalt till the ground it shall not, etc., Genesis 24:41Genesis 30:33Genesis 31:49Genesis 32:18Exodus 7:9 when Pharaoh shall speak unto you, Deuteronomy 4:25Deuteronomy 6:20 +; in phrase (׳תאֹמַר וגוְכִי תאֹמְרוּ Leviticus 25:20Deuteronomy 18:21Isaiah 8:19Isaiah 36:7Jeremiah 13:22; and especially in ... וְהָיָה כִּי Genesis 12:12Genesis 46:33Deuteronomy 6:10Deuteronomy 15:161 Samuel 10:71 Samuel 25:30Isaiah 8:21Isaiah 10:12 + often; with perfect Isaiah 16:121 Chronicles 17:11 (altered from imperfect 2 Samuel 7:12); with participle (unusual) Numbers 33:51Numbers 34:2Deuteronomy 11:31Deuteronomy 18:9

b. elsewhere כִּי has a force approximating to if, though it usually represents a case as more likely to occur than אִם: — (mostly with imperfect) Genesis 38:16Numbers 5:20Numbers 10:32Deuteronomy 6:25Deuteronomy 7:17Deuteronomy 28:2,131 Samuel 20:132 Samuel 19:82 Kings 4:292 Kings 18:22Jeremiah 38:15Proverbs 4:8Job 7:13 (כי אמרתי when I say), Job 19:28; often in laws, as Exodus 21:14,33,35; Exodus 21:37Exodus 22:4Exodus 22:5 etc., Deuteronomy 13:13Deuteronomy 14:24Deuteronomy 15:7,12Deuteronomy 17:2Deuteronomy 18:6,21 etc.; sometimes, in particular, to state a principle broadly, after which special cases are introduced by אִם, as Exodus 21:2 when (כִּי) thou buyest a Hebrew servant, he shall serve thee six years, after which Exodus 21:3-5 follow four special cases with אִם if: so Exodus 21:7 (כי), Exodus 21:8-11 (אם); Exodus 21:18 (כי), Exodus 21:19 (אם); Exodus 21:20 (כי), Exodus 21:21 (אם); Exodus 21:22 f; Exodus 21:28-32Leviticus 1:2 (כי), Leviticus 1:3Leviticus 1:10 (אםLeviticus 4:2,3,13,27,32; Leviticus 13:2ff. Numbers 30:3ff. +; though this distinction is not uniformly observed, contrast e.g. Exodus 21:5 with Deuteronomy 15:16Numbers 5:19 and Numbers 5:20. — N.B. with כִּי = when or if, the subject is often prefixed for distinctness and emphasis: 1 Kings 8:37 רָעָב ׳כִּייִֿהְיֶה בָאָרֶץ דֶּבֶר כִּי יִהְיֶה וגIsaiah 28:18Micah 5:4 אַשּׁוּר כִּייָֿבאֹ בְאַרְצֵנוּPsalm 62:11Ezekiel 3:19 (וְאַתָּה), Ezekiel 14:9,13Ezekiel 18:5,18,21; Ezekiel 33:6 (compare Ezekiel 33:2); and especially in laws of P, as כִּי ֗֗֗ אָדָם Leviticus 1:2Leviticus 13:2, ... נֶפֶשׁ כִּי Leviticus 2:1Leviticus 4:2Leviticus 5:1,4,15, similarly Leviticus 15:2,16,19,25; Leviticus 22:12,13,14 etc., rather differently Numbers 5:20

c. when or if, with a concessive force, i.e. though: — (a) with imperfect Jeremiah 4:30 (3 t. in verse); Jeremiah 14:12Jeremiah 49:16 כִּיתַֿגְבִּיהַּ כַּנֶּשֶׁר קִנֶּ֑ךָ though thou make high like the vulture thy nest, I will bring thee down thence, Jeremiah 51:53Hosea 13:15Zechariah 8:6Psalm 37:24Psalm 49:19f. though in his lifetime he bless himself ... he shall come, etc., perhaps also Jeremiah 46:23 Ew (but Hi Gf Ke for), Jeremiah 50:11 Ew Ke (Hi yea); and strengthened by גַּםגַּם כִּי Isaiah 1:5Psalm 23:4 (compare Dr§ 143); (b) with perf. (rare) Micah 7:8 כִּי נָפַלְתִּי קָ֑מְתִּי though I have fallen, I rise, Nahum 1:10 (si vera 1.), Psalm 21:12 (Hi Ew Now), Psalm 119:88 (Ew De).

3 Because, since ὅτι — 

a. Genesis 3:14 because thou hast done this, cursed art thou, etc., Genesis 3:17Genesis 18:20Genesis 17:20 the cry of Sodom and Gomorrah — because it is great ... (subject prefixed for emphasis: compare 

2 N.B.Isaiah 28:15; in answer to a question, Genesis 27:20Exodus 1:19Exodus 18:152 Samuel 19:43 +. Enunciating the conditions under which a future action is conceived as possible (German indemLeviticus 22:9Deuteronomy 4:29 כי תדרשׁנוDeuteronomy 12:20 (see Dr), Deuteronomy 12:25Deuteronomy 12:28Deuteronomy 13:19Deuteronomy 14:24Deuteronomy 16:15Deuteronomy 19:6,9 +, 1 Kings 8:35 (compare 1 Kings 8:33אֲשֶׁר), 1 Kings 8:36 כִּי תוֺרֵםProverbs 4:8b. 

b. more commonly the causal sentence follows, as Genesis 2:3 and God blessed the seventh day ׳כִּי בוֺ שָׁבַת וגbecause on it he rested, etc., Genesis 4:25 etc., in which case it may often be rendered forGenesis 2:5Genesis 2:28Genesis 3:20Genesis 5:24Genesis 6:7,12,13; Psalm 6:3 heal me כִּי נִבְהֲלוּ עֲצָמָ֑י for my bones are vexed, Psalm 10:14Psalm 25:16Psalm 27:10 + very often specifically after verbs expressive of mental emotions, as rejoicing Isaiah 14:29Psalm 58:11, being angry Genesis 31:35Genesis 45:5, fearing Genesis 43:18Psalm 49:17etc. Iron. 1 Kings 18:27 for he is a god etc. (4 t.); Proverbs 30:4Job 38:5 כִּי תֵדָ֑ע for or since thou knowest. With subject prefixed Psalm 128:2. Repeated (with anacoluthon) Isaiah 49:19

c. the causal relation expressed by כִּי is sometimes subtle, especially in poetry, and not apparent without careful study of a passage. Thus sometimes it justifies a statement or description by pointing to a pregnant fact which involves it, as Isaiah 3:8Job 6:21 (ground of the comparison Job 6:15-20), Job 14:16 (For...: ground of the wishes expressed Job 14:13-15), Job 16:22 (ground of Job 16:20f.) Job 30:26(For ...), or by pointing to a General truth which it exemplifies Job 5:6 (reason why complaining Job 5:2-5 is foolish), Job 15:34Job 23:14; sometimes it is explicative, justifying a statement by unfolding the particulars which establish or exemplify it 2 Samuel 23:5a; Isaiah 1:30Isaiah 5:7Isaiah 7:8Isaiah 9:4Isaiah 10:8-11Isaiah 13:10 (development of Isaiah 13:9a); Isaiah 32:6 f. (developing the characters of the נָבָל and כִּילַי, and so explaining why they will no longer be esteemed Isaiah 32:5); Job 11:16ff. (explicit of Job 11:15b), Job 18:8 ff. (justifying Job 18:7), Job 22:26 ff. (justifying Job 22:25); elsewhere the cause is expressed indirectly or figuratively Isaiah 2:6 (reason why invitation Isaiah 2:5 is needed), Isaiah 5:10 (sterility of the soil the cause of the desolation Isaiah 5:9), Isaiah 18:5Isaiah 28:8(proof of the intoxication Isaiah 28:7), Isaiah 31:7 (reason for the exhortation Isaiah 31:6: the certainty that the folly of idolatry will soon be recognized), Job 7:21 (for soon it will be too late to pardon), Job 27:8-10 (Job wishes his enemy the lot of the wicked, because this is so hopeless); or כִּיrelates not to the see which immediately precedes or follows, but to several, as Isaiah 7:16f. (Isaiah 7:17 specially the ground of the people being reduced to simple fare Isaiah 7:15), Isaiah 21:6ff. (ground of the statements Isaiah 21:1-5), Job 4:5 (ground of Job 4:2), Job 14:7-12 (Job 14:10-12 specially the ground for the appeal in Job 14:6), Job 23:10-13 (ground why God cannot be found Job 23:8f.), Psalm 73:21 (ground not of Psalm 73:20, but of the General train of thought Psalm 73:2); similarly Genesis 4:24Deuteronomy 18:14Jeremiah 30:11 the reason lies not in the words immediately after כִּי, but in the second part of the sentence; or, on the other hand, it may state the reason for a particular word, Isaiah 28:20 (justifying 'nought but terror' Isaiah 28:19), Job 23:17 (God's hostility Job 23:16 the cause of his misery, not the calamity as such). Sometimes also כִּי, in a poetic orrhetorical style, gives the reason for a thought not expressed but implied, especially the answer to a question; Isaiah 28:11 (the mockeries of Isaiah 28:10 have a meaning) 'for with men of strange lips, etc. he will speak unto this people,' who will retort the mockeries, charged with a new and terrible meaning, upon those who uttered them (Isaiah 28:13); = (no,) for Isaiah 28:28 (see RVm), Job 22:2no, he that is wise is profitable to himself, Job 31:18Job 39:14 (see Job 39:13b), Psalm 44:24 (he cannot do this, Psalm 44:23for for thy sake are we killed, etc., Psalm 130:4 no, with thee is forgiveness; = (yes,) for Isaiah 49:25(see the question Isaiah 49:24), Isaiah 66:8

d. כִּי ֗֗֗ כִּי ἀσυνδέτως sometimes introduce the proximate and ultimate cause respectively, Genesis 3:19Genesis 26:7Genesis 43:32Genesis 47:20Exodus 23:33 for [else] thou wilt serve their gods, for it will be a snare to thee, Isaiah 2:6(twice in verse); Isaiah 3:8 (twice in verse); Isaiah 6:5a, b; Isaiah 10:22f.; Job 6:3f.; Job 8:8,9 (twice in verse); Job 24:17 (twice in verse); Job 29:11f.; sometimes they introduce two co-ordinate causes (where we should insert and), Exodus 23:21,22Isaiah 6:5b,c I am undone, because I am of unclean lips..., because mine eyes have seen ׳י of hosts, Isaiah 15:5 (twice in verse); Isaiah 15:6 (twice in verse); Isaiah 15:8,9Zephaniah 3:8f.; Job 15:25,27Job 20:19f.; Job 31:11f. But כִּי ֗֗֗ וְכִי also occurs, Genesis 33:11Numbers 5:20 (if), Joshua 7:15Judges 6:301 Samuel 19:41 Samuel 22:171 Kings 2:26Isaiah 65:16 +. 

e. after a negative כִּי for becomes = but (German sondern): Genesis 17:15 thou shalt not call her name Sarai, כִּי שָׂרָה שְׁמָהּ for (= but) Sarah shall be her name, Genesis 24:3f.; Genesis 45:8Exodus 1:19Exodus 16:8 not against us are your murmurings, ׳כי עליֿ for (they are) against ׳יbut against ׳יDeuteronomy 21:171 Samuel 6:3 (אַל), 1 Samuel 27:1 (see Dr), 1 Kings 21:17Isaiah 10:7Isaiah 28:27Isaiah 29:23Isaiah 30:5Psalm 44:8Psalm 118:17 + often; so in לא כי nay, for = nay, but, as Genesis 18:15 לֹא כִּי צָחָֽקְתְּ nay, but thou didst laugh, Genesis 19:2Genesis 42:12Joshua 5:141 Samuel 2:16 MSS ᵐ5 (see Dr), 1 Samuel 12:122 Samuel 16:182 Samuel 24:241 Kings 2:301 Kings 3:221 Kings 11:22Isaiah 30:16 nay, but we will flee upon horses.

Note. — כִּי is sometimes of difficult and uncertain interpretation, and in some of the passages quoted a different explanation is tenable. Authorities especially read the Hebrew differently, when the choice is between for and yea. E.g. Isaiah 8:23 Ges Ew§ 330 b doch (no, but); Hi Di for(taking Isaiah 8:22 as RVm); Ch surely: Isaiah 15:1 Ges Ew Hi Di surely; De for: Isaiah 39:8 Ges Hi De surely; Di for(explanation of טוֺב): Ezekiel 11:16 Hi Ke Co surely; Ew Sm because. — In Exodus 20:25 the tense of וַתְּחַלֲלֶהָ makes it probably that כֹּי is for (Dr§ 153). Job 22:29 is taken with least violence to usage (גַּאֲוָה) as Hi When they humble thee, and thou sayest (= complainest) Pride! he will save, etc. כִּי אִםֿ (the אִם always followed by makkeph, except Genesis 15:4Numbers 35:33Nehemiah 2:2, where כִּיאִֿםis read by the Mass.: FrMM 241) — 

1 each particle retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause: 

a. that if Jeremiah 26:15; after an oath (כִּי not translated: see  כִּי

1cif 1 Samuel 14:39Jeremiah 22:24surely not (אִם 1b2) 2 Samuel 3:351 Samuel 25:34 (כִּי being resumptive of the כִּי before לוּלֵי: see  כִּי 1c); Exodus 22:22 (in apodosis) indeed if . . . (see  כִּי 1d). 

b. for if Exodus 8:17Exodus 9:2Exodus 10:4Deuteronomy 11:20 +, for though Isaiah 10:22Jeremiah 37:20Amos 5:22but if Jeremiah 7:5.

2 (About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause — 

a. limiting the preceding clause, except (after a negative, or an oath, or question, the equivalent of a negative) — the most usual term for expressing this idea: followed by verb Genesis 32:27 I will not let thee go; כִּי אִםבֵּֿרַכְתָּֽנִיliterally but (כִּי

3eif thou bless me (that is, I will let thee go), i.e., subordinating the second clause to the first, 'I will not let thee go, except thou bless me;' Leviticus 22:6 he shall not eat of the holy things כִּי אִםרָֿחַץ except he have washed his flesh, Isaiah 65:6Amos 3:7Ruth 3:18Lamentations 5:21f. (Ew Näg Ke Che Öttli), turn thou us unto thee, etc., unless thou have utterly rejected us, (and) art very wroth with us (= Or hast thou utterly rejected us? etc. Ew Öttli); followed by a noun, except, butGenesis 28:17 this is nothing ׳כִּי אִםבֵּֿית הָאֱ but the house of God, Genesis 32:9 he withholds from me nothing כִּי אִםאֿוֺתָךְ exceptthee, Leviticus 21:2Numbers 14:30 (after אִם), Numbers 26:65 (compare Numbers 32:12 בִּלְתִּי), Joshua 14:41 Samuel 30:17,222 Samuel 12:3 אֵין כֹּל כִּי אִםֿ (so 2 Kings 4:2), 2 Kings 19:291 Kings 17:1 (after אִם), 1 Kings 22:312 Kings 5:152 Kings 9:352 Kings 13:7Jeremiah 22:17Jeremiah 44:14 +; after אַל, 2 Chronicles 23:6; followed by an adverb clause, Genesis 42:15Numbers 35:332 Samuel 3:13 (but כִּי אִם and לִפְנֵי are mutually exclusive: read probably with ᵐ5 כִּי אִםהֵֿבֵיאתָ); after an interrogative Isaiah 42:19 who is blind כִּי אִםעַֿבְדִּי butmy servant ? (who is blind in comparison with him ?), Deuteronomy 10:12Micah 6:8Ecclesiastes 5:10; 2Chron 2:5. 

b. the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic (compare אִם

1c), so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but (= a slightly strengthened כִּי), Genesis 15:4 this man shall not be thy heir; ׳כִּי אִםאֲֿשֶׁר וג but one that shall come forth from thy own bowels, he shall be thy heir (compare 1 Kings 8:19), 1Ki 32:29 thy name shall no more be called Jacob כִּי אִםיִֿשְׂרָאֵל but Israel (compare כִּי alone 1 Kings 17:15), 1Ki 47:18 we will not hide it from my lord, but the money . . . is all made over to, etc., Exodus 12:9 not boiled in water, but roast with fire, Deuteronomy 7:5Deuteronomy 12:5Deuteronomy 16:6Joshua 23:81 Samuel 2:15 he will not take of thee boiled flesh כִּי אִםחָֽֿי׃ but raw, 1 Samuel 8:19 לֹא כִּי אִםמֶֿלֶךְ יִהְיֶה עָלֵינוּ nay, but a king shall be over us (compare כיalone, 1 Samuel 10:191 Samuel 12:12), 1 Samuel 21:52 Samuel 5:61 Kings 18:182 Kings 10:23 (מֶּן), Isaiah 33:21Isaiah 55:10,11Isaiah 59:2Jeremiah 3:10Jeremiah 7:32Jeremiah 9:23Jeremiah 16:15Jeremiah 20:3Ezekiel 36:22Ezekiel 44:10Amos 8:11Psalm 1:2Psalm 1:4Proverbs 23:17 (אַל) Psalm +; with the principal verb repeated (as Genesis 15:41 Kings 8:19), Leviticus 21:14Ezekiel 44:22Numbers 10:302 Kings 23:23Jeremiah 39:12 Kt (Qr omit אִם), compare Jeremiah 7:23. Occasionally in colloquial language, the negative, it seems, is left to be understood: 1 Samuel 26:10 as ׳י liveth, (by no means,) כִּי אִם but ׳י shall smite him, 2 Samuel 13:33 Kt (by no means,) but Amnon alone is dead (Qr omits אִם). Followed by imperative Isaiah 65:18Ezekiel 12:23Jeremiah 39:12; 2Chronicles 25:8. Sometimes also, though rarely (and not certainly), כִּי אִם appears to have the force of only even without a previous negative: Genesis 40:14 כִּי אִםזְֿכַרְתָּנִי אִתְּךָ only have (?) me in remembrance with thyself (but read perhaps אַךְ for כִּי; see Dr§ 119 δ n., the use of a bare perfect, without לוּ, or even waw consecutive, to express a wish or command is unexampled), Numbers 24:22 כִּי אִםֿ יִהְיֶה לְבָעֵר קָֽיִן׃ only, nevertheless, the Kenite shall be for extermination (compare Di), Job 42:8 (De Di) כִּי אִםמָּֿנָיו אֶשָּׂא

c. after an oath כִּי אִם appears to = a strengthened כִּי(compare בִּלְתִּי אִםאִם ׃עַד אִם

1c), introducing the fact sworn to (see  כִּי 1c): 2 Kings 5:20 as ׳י liveth, כִּי אִםרַֿצְתִּי surely I will run (perfect of certitude) after him, etc., Jeremiah 51:14 (Ges Hi Gf RV) surley I will fill thee with men (namely, assailants), etc. (but Ew Ke Ch treat the particles as separate (כִּי as כִּי

1c): though I have filled thee with men —; i.e. increased thy population, — yet shall they — the assailants — lift up the shout against thee), 2 Samuel 15:21 Kt (Qr omits אִם); after an assever. particle Ruth 3:12 Kt וְעַתָּה כִּי אָמְנָם כִּי אִם גּוֺאֵל אָנֹכִי and now, yea indeed, surely I am thy kinsman (Qr omits אִם); the oath being understood, Judges 15:7 if ye do thus, כִּי אִםנִֿקַּמְתִּיsurely (Ges hercle) I will avenge myself, 1 Samuel 21:6 כִּי אִםאִֿשָּׁה עֲצֻרָה לָנוּ of a truth women have been kept from us, etc., 1 Kings 20:6 surely tomorrow I will send, etc., Proverbs 23:18 (see De) surely there is a reward; perhaps also Job 42:8

כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as, a peculiar phrase found Genesis 18:5Genesis 19:8Genesis 33:10Genesis 38:26Numbers 10:31Numbers 14:43Judges 6:222 Samuel 18:20 Qr (rightly), Jeremiah 29:28Jeremiah 38:4 — literally for therefore, emphasizing the ground pleonastically (Ew§ 353 a). The original force of the phrase is traceable in some of the passages in which it occurs, as Genesis 18:5 let me fetch a morsel of bread, and comfort your heart; כִּיעַֿלכֵּֿן עֲבַרְתֶּם עַל עַבְדְּכֶם for therefore (that is, to partake of such hospitality) are ye come to your servant, Numbers 14:43 the Amalekite and the Canaanite are there, and ye will fall by the sword, כִּיעַֿלכֵּֿן שַׁבְתֶּם for therefore (to encounter such a fate) have ye turned back from ׳י etc.: but in process of time the distinct sense of its component parts was no doubt gradually obscured, and it thus came to be used conventionally, as a mere particle of causation, even where there was no preceding statement to which עַל כֵּןtherefore could be explicitly referred. אֲשֶׁר עַל כֵּן appears to be used similarly (compare אֲשֶׁר

8c)  Job 34:27

Topical Lexicon
Strong’s Hebrew 3588 – כִּי

Overview

כִּי functions as one of the most versatile connectors in the Old Testament, appearing roughly 4,481 times. It links clauses, explains divine actions, grounds commands, marks conditions, introduces time elements, or adds emphatic force. Wherever it stands, כִּי signals that the inspired writer is about to clarify “why,” “when,” “that,” “if,” or even “indeed.” The reader is therefore invited to pause, listen, and receive God’s reasoning or emphasis.

Distribution across the Canon

• Torah – strategic in covenant legislation and narrative explanation (for example, Genesis 2–3Exodus 19–24Deuteronomy 4–30). 
• Former Prophets – frames historical evaluation of Israel’s obedience and apostasy (Joshua 231 Kings 11). 
• Latter Prophets – supplies causal and conditional texture to prophetic oracles (Isaiah 1–12Jeremiah 7). 
• Writings – enriches wisdom contrasts and psalmic worship (Psalms 1; Proverbs 3Ecclesiastes 8).

Primary Functional Categories

1. Causal and Explanatory

כִּי most often means “because” or “for,” furnishing the rationale for divine commands or historical events. 
• Genesis 2:3 – “For God rested from all the work of creation He had accomplished.” 
• Exodus 14:13 – “Do not be afraid. Stand firm and you will see the LORD’s salvation, which He will accomplish for you today; for the Egyptians you see today, you will never see again.” 

Pastors and teachers rely on these causal statements to show that God’s acts and commands are never arbitrary.

2. Grounds for Ethical Imperatives

Moses repeatedly uses כִּי to motivate covenant obedience: 
• Deuteronomy 7:7–8 – “The LORD did not set His affection on you and choose you because you were more numerous than the other peoples, for you were the fewest of all peoples. But because the LORD loved you and kept the oath He swore to your fathers…” 

Here the conjunction roots Israel’s calling in divine love, shaping ethical preaching that begins with grace before law.

3. Conditional

When כִּי translates “if,” it marks covenant stipulations and wisdom observations. 
• Genesis 4:7 – “If you do what is right, will you not be accepted? But if you refuse to do what is right, sin is crouching at the door.” 
• Exodus 19:5 – “Now then, if you will indeed obey My voice and keep My covenant, you will be My treasured possession out of all the nations.” 

Conditional כִּי underscores human responsibility while preserving the unconditional certainty of God’s promises.

4. Temporal (“when”)

Occasionally כִּי fixes a moment in time. 
• Genesis 15:12 – “When the sun was setting, Abram fell into a deep sleep…” 
• Judges 15:4 – “Samson went and caught three hundred foxes. Then he took torches, turned the foxes tail to tail, and fastened a torch to every pair of tails.” (preceded by כִּי to mark the timing of Samson’s act). 

Narrative timelines gain precision, keeping redemptive history concrete and orderly.

5. Asseverative / Emphatic (“indeed, surely”)

Used to intensify a declaration. 
• Psalm 118:6 – “The LORD is for me; I will not be afraid. What can man do to me?” (literally, “for surely the LORD is for me”). 

The worshiper is moved from proposition to persuasion.

6. Adversative (“but”)

Less frequent, yet crucial in contrastive statements. 
• 1 Samuel 8:19 – “But the people refused to listen to Samuel.” 

The shift highlights covenant breach and the need for repentance.

Theological and Redemptive Themes

• Covenant Grounding – From Genesis 12:12–13 to Deuteronomy 4:35, כִּי supplies the “because” behind election, law, and promise, revealing that God’s covenants rest on His character and redemptive design. 
• Prophetic Appeals – Isaiah and Jeremiah hinge their calls to repentance on explanatory כִּי clauses: Isaiah 1:18–20 invites reasoned surrender; Jeremiah 2:13 exposes Judah’s sin “because” they forsook the fountain of living waters. 
• Messianic Foreshadowing – Passages such as Isaiah 9:6–7 employ כִּי to link the birth of the Child to the expansion of peace: “For unto us a Child is born…” The conjunction ensures that the promise of the throne of David is firmly anchored in God’s decree. 
• Wisdom Contrast – Proverbs balances cause and effect: “For the LORD detests the perverse but delights in the upright” (Proverbs 3:32). כִּי frames moral reality in everyday life. 
• Liturgical Assurance – The refrain “For His loving devotion endures forever” (Psalm 136) binds worshippers to the unchanging covenant love of God.

Historical Development and Translation

When Hebrew texts were rendered into Greek, כִּי was mainly translated by ὅτι (“that,” “because”) or γάρ (“for”), which the New Testament frequently employs. Thus readers tracing theological continuity from Old to New Testament notice that the apostolic writers build arguments exactly the way Moses and the prophets did—by grounding commands and promises in God’s revealed rationale.

Ministry Implications

• Preaching and Teaching – Faithful exposition lingers on כִּי clauses to uncover God’s reasons before pressing human response. Commands divorced from their divine “because” become legalistic; joined to them, they become worshipful obedience (see Exodus 20:2). 
• Counsel and Discipleship – Believers are stabilized when counselors point to the explanatory כִּי of Scripture: “Cast your burden on the LORD, for He will sustain you” (Psalm 55:22). 
• Apologetics – The conjunction equips defenders of the faith to present rational grounds, reflecting Scripture’s own pattern: “For in Him we live and move and have our being” (Acts 17:28 cites the principle). 
• Prayer and Worship – Prayers that echo Scripture’s כִּי pattern (adoration, petition, rationale) align the heart with God’s purposes: “Answer me, O LORD, for Your loving devotion is good” (Psalm 69:16).

Representative Passages

Genesis 6:5 – “The LORD saw that the wickedness of man was great on the earth, and that every inclination of the thoughts of his heart was altogether evil all the time.” 

Exodus 34:14 – “For you must not worship any other god, for the LORD, whose name is Jealous, is a jealous God.” 

Deuteronomy 8:5 – “Know then in your heart that, as a man disciplines his son, so the LORD your God disciplines you.” 

Psalm 19:7 – “The law of the LORD is perfect, reviving the soul; the testimony of the LORD is trustworthy, making wise the simple.” 

Isaiah 40:1 – “Comfort, comfort My people,” says your God. 

Jeremiah 29:11 – “For I know the plans I have for you,” declares the LORD, “plans for welfare and not for calamity, to give you a future and a hope.” 

Habakkuk 2:14 – “For the earth will be filled with the knowledge of the glory of the LORD as the waters cover the sea.”

Conclusion

כִּי is the divine hinge upon which explanation, motivation, and assurance swing. From creation to covenant, from prophecy to praise, its 4,481 occurrences weave a coherent tapestry that invites God’s people to think His thoughts after Him, obey His commands, and rest in His reasons.

Forms and Transliterations
הֲ‍ֽכִי־ הֲכִ֣י הֲכִי֩ הֲכִי־ הכי ה‍כי־ וְ֝כִ֗י וְכִ֣י וְכִ֣י ׀ וְכִ֤י וְכִ֥י וְכִ֧י וְכִ֨י וְכִֽי־ וְכִי֙ וְכִי־ וכי וכי־ כִ֔י כִ֗י כִ֛י כִ֤י כִ֥י כִּ֖י כִּ֗י כִּ֘י כִּ֚י כִּ֛י כִּ֝֗י כִּ֞י כִּ֠י כִּ֡י כִּ֣י כִּ֣י ׀ כִּ֣י־ כִּ֤י כִּ֤י ׀ כִּ֥י כִּ֧י כִּ֨י כִּ֩י כִּ֪י כִּ֬י כִּ֭י כִּֽי כִּֽי־ כִּי֩ כִּי־ כִֽי־ כִי־ כִּ֤י כִּי כֹּ֣ה כה כי כי־ chi hă·ḵî hă·ḵî- haChi hăḵî hăḵî- ki kî ḵî kî- ḵî- kiSha kiShe kiShi Koh kōh veChi wə·ḵî wə·ḵî- wəḵî wəḵî-
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Englishman's Concordance
Genesis 1:4
HEB: אֶת־ הָא֖וֹר כִּי־ ט֑וֹב וַיַּבְדֵּ֣ל
KJV: the light, that [it was] good:
INT: God the light that was good separated

Genesis 1:10
HEB: וַיַּ֥רְא אֱלֹהִ֖ים כִּי־ טֽוֹב׃ 
INT: saw and God that it was good

Genesis 1:12
HEB: וַיַּ֥רְא אֱלֹהִ֖ים כִּי־ טֽוֹב׃ 
INT: saw and God that it was good

Genesis 1:18
HEB: וַיַּ֥רְא אֱלֹהִ֖ים כִּי־ טֽוֹב׃ 
INT: saw and God that it was good

Genesis 1:21
HEB: וַיַּ֥רְא אֱלֹהִ֖ים כִּי־ טֽוֹב׃ 
INT: saw and God that it was good

Genesis 1:25
HEB: וַיַּ֥רְא אֱלֹהִ֖ים כִּי־ טֽוֹב׃ 
INT: saw and God that it was good

Genesis 2:3
HEB: וַיְקַדֵּ֖שׁ אֹת֑וֹ כִּ֣י ב֤וֹ שָׁבַת֙
NAS: and sanctified it, because in it He rested
KJV: and sanctified it: because that in it he had rested
INT: the seventh and sanctified becauserested all

Genesis 2:5
HEB: טֶ֣רֶם יִצְמָ֑ח כִּי֩ לֹ֨א הִמְטִ֜יר
KJV: before it grew: for the LORD God
INT: had yet sprouted for had not sent

Genesis 2:17
HEB: תֹאכַ֖ל מִמֶּ֑נּוּ כִּ֗י בְּי֛וֹם אֲכָלְךָ֥
INT: eat at in the day you eat

Genesis 2:23
HEB: יִקָּרֵ֣א אִשָּׁ֔ה כִּ֥י מֵאִ֖ישׁ לֻֽקֳחָה־
NAS: Woman, Because she was taken
INT: shall be called Woman Because of Man was taken

Genesis 3:1
HEB: הָ֣אִשָּׁ֔ה אַ֚ף כִּֽי־ אָמַ֣ר אֱלֹהִ֔ים
INT: the woman Yea for said has God

Genesis 3:5
HEB: כִּ֚י יֹדֵ֣עַ אֱלֹהִ֔ים
INT: for knows God

Genesis 3:5
HEB: יֹדֵ֣עַ אֱלֹהִ֔ים כִּ֗י בְּיוֹם֙ אֲכָלְכֶ֣ם
INT: knows God in the day eat

Genesis 3:6
HEB: וַתֵּ֣רֶא הָֽאִשָּׁ֡ה כִּ֣י טוֹב֩ הָעֵ֨ץ
INT: saw the woman for was good the tree

Genesis 3:6
HEB: הָעֵ֨ץ לְמַאֲכָ֜ל וְכִ֧י תַֽאֲוָה־ ה֣וּא
INT: the tree food for A delight and that it

Genesis 3:7
HEB: שְׁנֵיהֶ֔ם וַיֵּ֣דְע֔וּ כִּ֥י עֵֽירֻמִּ֖ם הֵ֑ם
INT: of both knew for were naked themselves

Genesis 3:10
HEB: בַּגָּ֑ן וָאִירָ֛א כִּֽי־ עֵירֹ֥ם אָנֹ֖כִי
NAS: and I was afraid because I was naked;
INT: the garden was afraid because was naked I

Genesis 3:11
HEB: הִגִּ֣יד לְךָ֔ כִּ֥י עֵירֹ֖ם אָ֑תָּה
INT: Who told for naked you

Genesis 3:14
HEB: אֶֽל־ הַנָּחָשׁ֮ כִּ֣י עָשִׂ֣יתָ זֹּאת֒
NAS: to the serpent, Because you have done
INT: to the serpent Because have done likewise

Genesis 3:17
HEB: וּלְאָדָ֣ם אָמַ֗ר כִּֽי־ שָׁמַעְתָּ֮ לְק֣וֹל
NAS: He said, Because you have listened
INT: to Adam said Because have listened to the voice

Genesis 3:19
HEB: אֶל־ הָ֣אֲדָמָ֔ה כִּ֥י מִמֶּ֖נָּה לֻקָּ֑חְתָּ
NAS: to the ground, Because from it you were taken;
INT: to the ground Because at were taken

Genesis 3:19
HEB: מִמֶּ֖נָּה לֻקָּ֑חְתָּ כִּֽי־ עָפָ֣ר אַ֔תָּה
INT: at were taken Because are dust thou

Genesis 3:20
HEB: אִשְׁתּ֖וֹ חַוָּ֑ה כִּ֛י הִ֥וא הָֽיְתָ֖ה
NAS: Eve, because she was the mother
INT: his wife's Eve because he become

Genesis 4:12
HEB: כִּ֤י תַֽעֲבֹד֙ אֶת־
NAS: When you cultivate the ground,
KJV: When thou tillest the ground,
INT: When cultivate the ground

Genesis 4:23
HEB: הַאְזֵ֖נָּה אִמְרָתִ֑י כִּ֣י אִ֤ישׁ הָרַ֙גְתִּי֙
INT: Give to my speech for I have killed

4481 Occurrences

Strong's Hebrew 3588
4481 Occurrences


ḵî- — 30 Occ.
hă·ḵî — 5 Occ.
kî- — 4334 Occ.
kî·šā- — 4 Occ.
kî·še- — 1 Occ.
kî·ši- — 1 Occ.
kōh — 1 Occ.
wə·ḵî — 105 Occ.








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邪馬台国は阿波だった!?【古代史を通して徳島の魅力を再発見】テーマ⑯日本唯一。ヤマトの国の魂を奉る倭大國魂神社

邪馬台国は阿波だった!?【古代史を通して徳島の魅力を再発見】テーマ⑯日本唯一。ヤマトの国の魂を奉る倭大國魂神社 https://awawa.app/pages/article_detail.php?report_no=10556&app_no=51&tab_no=...